Decentralised Blockchain Interoperability
Galaxy Consensus is an efficient, secure and practical Proof of Stake consensus protocol developed by world-class researchers and academics.
Based on Cardano's Ouroboros, Galaxy Consensus improves the random number generation and block production mechanisms to maximise security and fairness.
Blocktime (s)
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Annual Rewards Rate
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Staked Amount (WAN)
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Wanchain's XFlows Bridges
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Crosschain Transactions
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Annual Rewards Rate
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Staked Amount (WAN)
Wanchain is an ever-growing network of direct bridges connecting Bitcoin, Ethereum, Avalanche, Binance Smart Chain, Fantom, Litecoin, Moonriver, Moonbeam, XRP Ledger, Polkadot and more.
Using Wanchain's universal crosschain bridges, you can bridge both fungible and non-fungible tokens. Assets can be transferred directly between chains and layers without relying on relay chains or other intermediaries.
Random Number Generation.
Galaxy Consensus uses a Random Number Proposer (RNP) group to ensure safe and efficient random number generation. The RNP group uses commitment, zero-knowledge proof, distributed secret sharing and threshold signatures, among other mechanisms, to verify data and provide consensus.
1. Commitment
Galaxy Consensus ensures that cheating does not occur by using a commitment (CM), a cryptographic tool that guarantees that "the evidence is retained" without exposing the original data. In Galaxy Consensus, each RNP node calculates the commitment of its selected data and sends it to the chain for verification.
2. Zero-knowledge proof
Galaxy Consensus encrypts the original data using a public key encryption algorithm, and then sends the encryption result to the chain to ensure the confidentiality of the data. At the same time, zero-knowledge proof is used to ensure that the encrypted data fully matches the commitment.
3. Distributed secret sharing
All RNP nodes generate a common group secret key. The key is never produced completely but is split into key fragments, meaning each RNP node has a share of the group secret key. Together, the RNP nodes can synthesise the group signature. The hash value of the signature is the final random number output.
4. Threshold signatures
As long as the participating RNP nodes exceed the threshold number of participants in the calculation, the group signature can be synthesised. The refusal of any individual RNP node to participate in the calculation has no impact on the group's ability to safely and efficiently generate random numbers.
1. Leader group selection
Using a follow-the-stake-ratio algorithm, each PoS node is assigned a certain breadth of time proportional to its stake. The random number generated by the RNP group is used to determine a specific time. Whichever node's breadth of time corresponds to the specific time is selected to be in the Leader Group. The Leader Group is responsible for running the ULS algorithm.
2. Secret message array
Once selected, the leader group communicates on chain by generating a secret message array (SMA) inside the group for subsequent assignment of block production rights. This is key to maintaining anonymity. After this phase is complete, all nodes in the Leader Group decrypt the data and get a random data sequence needed to run the leader group selection algorithm.
3. Leader group sorting
After the secret message array is generated, the random number is updated, and the newly generated random number is used as a seed to sort the nodes in the leader group. A hash operation is performed on the group node’s public keys and the random number, and the nodes are sorted in ascending order based on the operation result to determine subsequent block production rights.
4. Slot leader selection
The distribution of block production rights is carried out with equal probability for all nodes in the leader group and accounts for the stake ratio of each node involved in consensus. This ensures that the ULS algorithm is fair, verifiable and anonymous and maximising the safety and liveness of the blockchain.
Block Production.
Galaxy Consensus uses a unique leader selection (ULS) algorithm, designed from the ground up to consider fairness, verifiability and anonymity. The ULS algorithm employs a variety of cryptographic methods such as secret sharing and zero-knowledge proofs to realise the anonymous selection of a single unique valid block producer in a fixed time window. The ULS algorithm also reduces the probability of forks and improves the efficiency of consensus.
Economic Incentives.
PoS nodes are incentivised to perform Galaxy Consensus, validate blocks and support the network. 10% of the max supply -- or 21 million WAN coins -- are reserved to incentivise PoS nodes to perform Galaxy Consensus and produce blocks. These incentives begin at 2.5 million WAN coins in the first year, and are reduced by 12% in each subsequent year.
RNP node rewards
Random number generation is a vital component of Galaxy Consensus. RNP nodes that fully engage in the process of random number generation receive rewards.
Leader node rewards
Leader nodes are rewarded for generating a secret message array and for block production. The greater a node’s activity, the greater the rewards.
Delegator rewards
Any user can delegate their WAN coins to PoS validator nodes or bridge nodes to earn rewards while contributing to the security of the Wanchain blockchain and crosschain bridge network.
Bridge Capabilities.
Swap.
Swap between multiple assets on different blockchains.
Transfer.
Transfer fungible or non-fungible assets between blockchains.
Communicate.
Communicate arbitrary data and messages across blockchains.
Call.
Call smart contract functions on one blockchain using smart contracts on another.
sMPC & TSS
Wanchain bridge nodes collectively use a combination of Secure Multiparty Computation (sMPC) and a Threshold Signature Scheme (TSS) to secure crosschain assets.
Hightlights.
Universal Crosschain Bridges.
Wanchain PoS Galaxy Consensus.
Token Bridges
Token bridges use the "lock-mint-burn-unlock" mechanism, which requires no intermediaries or relay network to complete crosschain transactions. When moving assets from one blockchain to another, the assets are transferred directly from the source chain to the destination chain.
XFlows Bridges
XFlows is a decentralised cross-chain solution that enables native-to-native cross-chain transformations for assets that exist natively on multiple chains. XFlows leverages the power of Wanchain’s bridges to provide easy, non-custodial transformations between chains without the need for centralised exchanges.
NFT Bridges
NFT bridges use the lock-mint-burn-unlock mechanism. When moving NFTs from one blockchain to another, the original NFT is securely locked on the source chain before a duplicate is minted on the destination chain. NFT IDs and attributes are also transferred.
Wanchain Crosschain Bridge Types.
Completed Bridges.
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Wanchain Blockchain Evolution.
New true random number generator based on Galaxy Proof of Stake and higher gas limit.
Venus Hard Fork
Lower gas price and cheaper on-chain transactions.
